![]() ![]() WGBH began open captioning of the programs Zoom, ABC World News Tonight, and Once Upon a Classic shortly thereafter. Regular open-captioned broadcasts began on PBS's The French Chef in 1972. ![]() Remote control handsets for TVs, DVDs, and similar devices in most European markets often use "SUB" or "SUBTITLE" on the button used to control the display of subtitles/captions. In the UK, modern digital television services have subtitles for the majority of programs, so it is no longer necessary to highlight which have subtitling/captioning and which do not. ![]() In New Zealand, broadcasters superimpose an ear logo with a line through it that represents subtitles for the hard of hearing, even though they are currently referred to as captions. The term subtitle has been replaced with caption in a number of markets-such as Australia and New Zealand-that purchase large amounts of imported US material, with much of that video having had the US CC logo already superimposed over the start of it. Their presence is referenced on screen by notation which says "Subtitles", or previously "Subtitles 888" or just "888" (the latter two are in reference to the conventional videotext channel for captions), which is why the term subtitle is also used to refer to the Ceefax-based videotext encoding that is used with PAL-compatible video. The equivalent of "captioning" is usually referred to as "subtitles for the hard of hearing". The United Kingdom, Ireland, and most other countries do not distinguish between subtitles and closed captions and use "subtitles" as the general term. Also, the term closed caption has come to be used to also refer to the North American EIA-608 encoding that is used with NTSC-compatible video. Captions aim to describe to the deaf and hard of hearing all significant audio content-spoken dialogue and non-speech information such as the identity of speakers and, occasionally, their manner of speaking-along with any significant music or sound effects using words or symbols. Subtitles assume the viewer can hear but cannot understand the language or accent, or the speech is not entirely clear, so they transcribe only dialogue and some on-screen text. In the United States and Canada, the terms "subtitles" and "captions" have different meanings. On the other hand, "open", "burned-in", "baked on", "hard-coded", or simply "hard" captions are visible to all viewers as they are embedded in the video. The term "closed" (versus "open") indicates that the captions are not visible until activated by the viewer, usually via the remote control or menu option. 6.11 Non-linear video editing systems and closed captioning.5.3 Digital television standard captioning improvements. #CAPTION DEFINITION TV#
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