Specifically, three members of the ␥ (lymphotropic) subfamily,Įpstein-Barr virus (EBV) (26), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Of the viral miRNAs identified so far, most areĮncoded by viruses in the herpesvirus family (6, 25, 26, 29). Silencing for regulation of host and viral genes (reviewed in The discovery of miRNAs encoded byĭNA viruses suggests that viruses have evolved to exploit RNA Thousands of miRNAs have been identified in different organisms to date (13). When the target sequences are located in the 3⬘ untranslated Perfect complementarity is generally thought to result in cleavage and imperfectĬomplementarity usually in impaired translation, most often Of the binding site, miRNAs can direct cleavage and/or regulate translation of their target mRNAs. We hypothesize that HSV-1 miRNAs regulate viral and host gene expression.Įry, typically by forming imperfect d uplexes with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) (reviewed in references 2 and 5).ĭepending on the extent of complementarity and the location Of these latter miRNA candidates were predicted to be conserved in HSV-2. However, no species the size of typical mature miRNAs were detected using these probes. Additionally, small RNAs, including some that are roughly theĮxpected size of precursor miRNAs, were detected using probes for miRNA candidates derived from sequencesĮncoding the 8.3-kilobase LAT, from sequences complementary to UL15 mRNA, and from the region between These RNAs, which behave as late gene products,Īre not predicted to be conserved in HSV-2. ⬃450 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the latency-associated transcript (LAT), were detectedĭuring infection of Vero cells by Northern blot hybridization. The precursor and the mature form of one HSV-1 miRNA candidate, which is encoded Eight of the HSV-1 miRNA candidates were predicted to beĬonserved in HSV-2. Using this method, we identified 11 HSV-1 genomic loci predicted to encodeġ3 miRNA precursors and 24 miRNA candidates. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), we applied a computational method to screen the complete genome of HSV-1įor sequences that adopt an extended stem-loop structure and display a pattern of nucleotide divergenceĬharacteristic of known miRNAs. Recently, miRNAs haveīeen identified from viruses with double-stranded DNA genomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Received 27 January 2006/Accepted 20 March 2006 Terry Gaasterland,3,4‡ Xiu-Jie Wang,2,3* and Donald M. All Rights Reserved.Ĭan Cui,1 Anthony Griffiths,1 Guanglin Li,2 Lindsey M.
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